The on-going uptake by the ocean of anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 is resulting in a decrease in pH, a process termed ocean acidification. This phenomenon is taking place in parallel to climate change, which causes enhanced ocean temperatures and water column stratification, and is also a consequence of increased anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.
Ocean acidification can provoke substantial changes in ocean chemistry i.e. carbonate chemistry and ecosystems. Ocean acidification has also negative effects on many societal and economical issues. As an example, according to recent publications, higher levels of ocean acidity will lead to disruptions to the oceanic carbon cycle, which is estimated to cost €1 trillion by 2100 and will have lasting impact upon future generations…